How To Flat Tow A Car

Imagine this: You're cruising down the open road in your RV, ready for adventure. Suddenly, you realize you need to make a quick trip into town. Wouldn't it be handy to have your car easily accessible without having to pack up the entire RV? That's where flat towing, also known as four-down towing, comes in! Flat towing allows you to bring your car along for the ride, giving you the freedom and flexibility you need on your travels. But before you hit the road, it's important to understand the process and ensure you're doing it safely and correctly. Let's dive into the details of how to flat tow a car!

Understanding Flat Towing (Four-Down Towing)

Flat towing, or four-down towing, is a method of towing a vehicle with all four wheels on the ground, directly behind a tow vehicle such as an RV. This differs significantly from towing with a trailer or using a dolly, where the towed vehicle's wheels are lifted off the ground. Flat towing is a popular choice for RVers because it’s convenient, relatively simple to set up, and eliminates the need for storage space that a trailer or dolly would require when not in use.

Is Your Car Flat Towable? Check Vehicle Compatibility

One of the most crucial steps before attempting to flat tow a car is verifying whether your specific vehicle is designed for this type of towing. Not all vehicles can be safely flat towed. Towing a vehicle that isn't designed for it can cause serious damage to the transmission, drivetrain, and other components.

Consult the Owner's Manual

The first and most reliable source of information is your vehicle's owner's manual. Look for a section on towing or recreational towing. The manual will explicitly state whether the vehicle can be flat towed and provide specific instructions if it can. If the manual says it is not suitable for flat towing, DO NOT attempt to flat tow it. The manual may provide some information about how to flat tow, what speed limits to follow, and other important tidbits.

Check with the Manufacturer

If you are unsure about the information in your owner's manual, or if the manual is unclear, contact the vehicle manufacturer directly. They can provide definitive information about your vehicle's towing capabilities. You can typically find contact information on the manufacturer's website or by searching online.

Research Online Forums and Resources

Online forums dedicated to RVing and towing can be valuable resources. Many experienced RVers share their knowledge and experiences with flat towing specific vehicle models. However, always cross-reference information found online with official sources like the owner's manual or manufacturer. Here are a few tips about researching online:

1. Look for credible sources: Focus on forums with active moderators and knowledgeable members.
1. Read multiple opinions: Don't rely on a single comment or post. Look for a consensus among multiple users.
1. Verify the information: Double-check any information found online with official sources.

Common Vehicles Suitable for Flat Towing

Some vehicles are commonly known for being flat towable, but it’s essential to confirm this information for your specific year and model. A Jeep Wrangler, for example, is a very popular choice for flat towing. Other examples of vehicles commonly flat towed include:

1. Jeep Wrangler (various years, check specific model)
1. Jeep Gladiator (various years, check specific model)
1. Certain models of the Ford Bronco (check specific model)
1. Some models of Chevrolet Colorado (check specific model)
1. Certain models of GMC Canyon (check specific model)
1. Some Suzuki models (older models)

Essential Equipment for Flat Towing a Car

Once you've confirmed that your car is suitable for flat towing, you'll need to acquire the necessary equipment. Investing in high-quality equipment is crucial for safety and reliability.

Tow Bar

The tow bar is the primary connection between the tow vehicle (RV) and the towed vehicle (car). Tow bars come in various styles and weight capacities. Consider the weight of your car and choose a tow bar rated to handle that weight with a significant safety margin. Common types include:

1. A-frame tow bars: These are typically adjustable and attach to the tow vehicle's receiver hitch.
1. Self-aligning tow bars: These automatically adjust to the angle between the tow vehicle and the towed vehicle, making turns easier.
1. Solid tow bars: Simpler design but less flexible than self-aligning types.

When purchasing a tow bar, make sure it is compatible with your vehicle's base plate. Some tow bars are universal, while others require a specific adapter.

Base Plate

The base plate is a mounting bracket that attaches to the towed vehicle's frame and provides a secure connection point for the tow bar. The base plate is typically bolted to the frame of the vehicle and remains permanently installed. Choose a base plate specifically designed for your vehicle model. A good base plate should be sturdy and well-engineered to withstand the forces of towing. Installation of a base plate can be complex and may require professional installation.

Safety Cables

Safety cables are essential for backup security in case the tow bar fails. They connect the tow vehicle to the towed vehicle and prevent the towed vehicle from completely separating. Always use safety cables rated for the weight of your car. Cross the safety cables in an "X" pattern when connecting them. This helps to cradle the tow bar in the event of a disconnect. It is also very important to check your safety cables for wear and tear. Damaged cables should be replaced.

Supplemental Braking System

Most states require a supplemental braking system when flat towing a vehicle. These systems apply the brakes on the towed vehicle in proportion to the braking force applied by the tow vehicle. This helps to prevent jackknifing and provides safer stopping distances. Common types include:

1. Electric braking systems: These use an electric controller in the tow vehicle to activate the brakes on the towed vehicle.
1. Hydraulic braking systems: These use hydraulic pressure from the tow vehicle to apply the brakes on the towed vehicle.
1. Inertia-based braking systems: These sense the deceleration of the tow vehicle and apply the brakes on the towed vehicle accordingly.

Check your state's laws regarding supplemental braking systems to ensure you comply with regulations. Consider ease of use and reliability when choosing a system.

Wiring Harness

A wiring harness connects the tow vehicle's electrical system to the towed vehicle's lights, including brake lights, turn signals, and running lights. This ensures that the towed vehicle's lights function in sync with the tow vehicle's lights. Choose a wiring harness that is compatible with your vehicle's electrical system. Some harnesses require splicing into the existing wiring, while others are plug-and-play. Ensure the wiring harness is securely connected to prevent shorts or malfunctions.

Step-by-Step Guide: How To Flat Tow a Car

Now that you have all the necessary equipment, let's walk through the steps of how to flat tow a car safely and effectively.

Step 1: Prepare the Towed Vehicle

Before connecting the towed vehicle, ensure it's properly prepared. This typically involves the following steps:

1. Check Fluid Levels: Verify that all fluid levels, including engine oil, transmission fluid (if applicable), brake fluid, and coolant, are at the proper levels.
1. Disable Steering Wheel Lock: If your vehicle has a steering wheel lock, ensure it is disengaged. This may involve turning the ignition key to the "accessory" position.
1. Follow Manufacturer's Instructions: Consult your vehicle's owner's manual for any specific instructions or procedures related to flat towing. Some vehicles may require specific steps to be followed before towing.

Step 2: Connect the Base Plate

The base plate should already be installed securely on the front of the towed vehicle. Ensure all bolts are tightened to the manufacturer's specifications. Inspect the base plate for any signs of damage or wear. If you find any issues, address them before proceeding. You may also need to install any auxiliary lights or bulbs to make your vehicle towing ready.

Step 3: Attach the Tow Bar

Connect the tow bar to the base plate on the towed vehicle. Ensure the tow bar is securely locked into place. Many tow bars have locking mechanisms to prevent accidental disconnections. Double-check the connection to ensure it is secure. Verify that the tow bar is properly aligned between the tow vehicle and the towed vehicle.

Step 4: Connect Safety Cables

Attach the safety cables from the tow vehicle to the towed vehicle. Cross the safety cables in an "X" pattern beneath the tow bar. Ensure the safety cables are securely connected and have enough slack to allow for turning. Avoid excessive slack, which could cause the cables to drag on the ground.

Step 5: Connect the Wiring Harness

Connect the wiring harness from the tow vehicle to the towed vehicle. Ensure all connections are secure. Test the lights (brake lights, turn signals, and running lights) to ensure they are functioning properly. Have a helper operate the tow vehicle's lights while you observe the towed vehicle's lights. You may also use a test light to check for proper wiring.

Step 6: Engage the Supplemental Braking System

Activate the supplemental braking system according to the manufacturer's instructions. Some systems require specific settings or adjustments for flat towing. Verify that the supplemental braking system is functioning properly before starting to tow. Perform a test stop in a safe area to ensure the braking system is working as expected.

Step 7: Perform a Final Inspection

Before hitting the road, perform a final inspection to ensure everything is properly connected and secured. Check the following:

1. Tow Bar Connection: Ensure the tow bar is securely locked into the base plate.
1. Safety Cables: Verify that the safety cables are properly connected and crossed.
1. Wiring Harness: Confirm that the wiring harness is securely connected and the lights are functioning properly.
1. Supplemental Braking System: Ensure the braking system is activated and functioning correctly.
1. Tire Pressure: Check the tire pressure on both the tow vehicle and the towed vehicle.

Tips for Safe Flat Towing

Flat towing can be a safe and convenient way to travel with your car, but it's essential to follow these safety tips:

Plan Your Route

Plan your route in advance, considering the weight and length of your tow vehicle and towed vehicle. Avoid routes with steep grades, sharp turns, or low overpasses. Use a GPS navigation system designed for RVs or towing. These systems can help you avoid roads that are unsuitable for your setup.

Drive Carefully

Drive at a safe and consistent speed, following all posted speed limits. Allow for extra braking distance and avoid sudden maneuvers. Be aware of the added length of your vehicle when making turns or changing lanes. Use your mirrors frequently to monitor the towed vehicle. The general rule of thumb is to go slow and steady to your destination. Also, be aware of any height limitations your car can traverse without scraping.

Make Regular Checks

Stop periodically to check the connections and equipment. Inspect the tow bar, safety cables, wiring harness, and supplemental braking system. Look for any signs of wear, damage, or loose connections. Address any issues immediately.

Practice Makes Perfect

Before embarking on a long trip, practice towing in a controlled environment. This will help you become familiar with the handling characteristics of your tow vehicle and towed vehicle. Practice making turns, braking, and backing up. A large empty parking lot is a great place to practice towing and driving.

Maintenance and Storage

Regularly inspect and maintain all towing equipment. Store the equipment properly when not in use. Keep the tow bar, base plate, safety cables, and wiring harness clean and dry. Lubricate any moving parts as needed. Protect the equipment from the elements when storing it to prevent corrosion or damage.

Troubleshooting Common Flat Towing Problems

Even with careful preparation, you may encounter some common problems when flat towing. Here are some tips for troubleshooting:

Problem: Lights Not Working

Cause: Loose connection in the wiring harness, blown fuse, or faulty bulb.

Solution: Check all connections, replace any blown fuses, and replace any faulty bulbs. Use a test light to verify the wiring is working properly.

Problem: Supplemental Braking System Malfunctioning

Cause: Low battery, loose connection, or faulty controller.

Solution: Check the battery voltage, tighten all connections, and consult the manufacturer's troubleshooting guide for the braking system.

Problem: Tow Bar Disconnecting

Cause: Improper connection, worn locking mechanism, or excessive stress on the tow bar.

Solution: Ensure the tow bar is properly connected and locked. Replace any worn parts. Avoid sharp turns or sudden acceleration that could put excessive stress on the tow bar.

Problem: Car Bouncing or Swaying

Cause: Uneven tire pressure, improper weight distribution, or worn suspension components.

Solution: Check the tire pressure on both the tow vehicle and the towed vehicle. Ensure the weight is properly distributed. Inspect the suspension components for any signs of wear or damage.

Conclusion

Flat towing can be a rewarding and practical way to travel with your car, offering convenience and freedom on the open road. By carefully checking your vehicle's compatibility, investing in quality equipment, following the proper setup procedures, and adhering to safe driving practices, you can ensure a smooth and trouble-free towing experience. Happy travels!